Overview

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a RNA virus from the Togaviridae family. It is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and can lead to prolonged joint pain, especially in older adults.

Causes

• Bite of infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes
• Virus spreads from person to person via mosquito bites
• Rare cases of maternal-fetal transmission

Symptoms

• Sudden high fever (up to 104°F)
• Severe joint pain (wrists, ankles, knees)
• Muscle pain, fatigue
• Headache, rash
• Swelling of joints

Treatment: Modern Medicine

• Diagnosis: RT-PCR, ELISA (IgM antibodies), CBC
• Treatment:
  • No antiviral cure; supportive care only
  • Paracetamol for fever
  • NSAIDs (after ruling out dengue) for joint pain
  • Adequate hydration and rest

Treatment: Traditional Medicine

• Ayurveda: Giloy, Ashwagandha, Nirgundi, Shunthi (dry ginger) for immunity and pain relief
• Siddha: Nilavembu Kudineer – antiviral decoction
• Unani: Blood purifiers, cooling herbs like Sharbat Unnab
• TCM: Andrographis, Lonicera, and Isatis herbs
• Homeopathy: Eupatorium perfoliatum, Bryonia, Rhus tox
• Nutraceuticals: Vitamin C, D3, Zinc, Curcumin

Caution

• Rule out dengue before giving NSAIDs
• Joint pain may last for weeks/months in some cases
• Not usually fatal but may cause complications in elderly

Prevention

• Use mosquito repellents, nets, and wear protective clothing
• Eliminate standing water near homes
• Community mosquito control programs