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Bipolar disorder

Overview

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).
There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:
  • Bipolar I Disorder
  • Bipolar II Disorder
  • Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia)
  • Causes

  • Genetic Factors
  • Biological Factors
  • Neurotransmitter Imbalance
  •  Structure and Function
  • Hormonal Imbalance
  • Environmental Factors
  • Stressful Life Events
  • Substance Abuse
  • Disrupted Circadian Rhythms
  • Psychological and Social Factors
  • Childhood Trauma
  • Poor Social Support
  • Symptoms

    Manic Episode Symptoms:
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Racing thoughts or rapid speech
  • Grandiosity or inflated self-esteem
  • Impulsivity, poor judgment, or risky behavior (e.g., spending sprees, reckless driving, sexual indiscretions)
  • Increased goal-directed activity or excessive involvement in pleasurable activities (e.g., gambling, sexual activity, business pursuits).
  • Hypomanic Episode Symptoms:

  • Increased energy or activity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Racing thoughts or rapid speech
  • Increased self-confidence or optimism
  • Engaging in risky or impulsive behaviors, though to a lesser extent than during manic episodes.
  • Depressive Episode Symptoms:

  • Persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness
  • Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed
  • Changes in appetite or weight
  • Sleep disturbances (insomnia or excessive sleep)
  • Fatigue or loss of energy
  • Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
  • Thoughts of death or suicide, suicide attempts.
  • Treatment: Modern Medicine

    Medication:

  • Mood stabilizers
  • Antipsychotics
  • Antidepressants
  • Psychotherapy:

  • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
  • Interpersonal and social Rhythm Therapy
  • Family therapy
  • Treatment: Traditional Medicine

  • Mindfulness and Meditation
  • Nutritional Supplements
  • Acupuncture
  • Herbal Remedies
  • Caution

  • Lack of Scientific Evidence
  • Interaction with Medications
  • Potential Risks
  • Prevention

  • Early Intervention
  • Medication Adherence
  • Psychotherapy
  • Healthy Lifestyle Habits: 
  • Avoiding Triggers
  • Education and Support

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