Overview

RHD mostly affects children and young adults in developing countries. It leads to narrowing or leakage of heart valves, especially the mitral valve.

Causes

• Autoimmune reaction to group A streptococcus
• Repeated or untreated strep throat infections

Symptoms

• Shortness of breath, chest pain
• Swollen joints (from rheumatic fever)
• Fatigue
• Irregular heartbeat (due to valve damage)

Treatment: Modern Medicine

• Diagnosis: Echo, ASO titer, ECG
• Treatment:
  • Antibiotics (penicillin) long-term
  • Anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, corticosteroids)
  • Surgery for valve repair/replacement

Treatment: Traditional Medicine

• Ayurveda: Dashamoola, Guggulu for inflammation
• Siddha: Herbal decoctions for infection support
• Unani: Treatment of “Iltehab” (inflammation) and Hummiyat (fever)
• TCM: Blood-purifying and anti-inflammatory herbs
• Nutraceuticals: Omega-3, zinc, vitamin D3

Caution

• Lifelong prophylactic antibiotics may be required
• Monitor valve condition regularly
• Prompt treatment of sore throat

Prevention

• Timely antibiotic treatment of strep throat
• Public health awareness in children
• Regular heart screening in known cases