Overview

Often sexually transmitted (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea) or non-infectious (e.g., trauma, chemical irritation).

Causes

• Bacteria: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Viruses: Herpes simplex virus
• Non-infectious: Catheter use, irritants, injury

Symptoms

• Burning urination
• Penile or vaginal discharge
• Itching, pain in genital area
• Blood in urine (rare)
• Frequent urge to urinate

Treatment: Modern Medicine

• Diagnosis: Urine test, urethral swab, NAAT (PCR) for STIs
• Treatment:
  • Antibiotics: Azithromycin, Doxycycline, Ceftriaxone
  • Antivirals (if HSV-related)
  • Partner testing and treatment

Treatment: Traditional Medicine

• Ayurveda: Varunadi kwath, Gokshura, Punarnava
• Siddha: Neermulli chooranam, Sirupeelai thylam
• Unani: Habb-e-Mudir, Arq-e-Bazoori
• TCM: Ba Zheng San (clears damp-heat from lower burner)
• Homeopathy: Cantharis, Sarsaparilla, Petroselinum
• Nutraceuticals: Cranberry extract, Vitamin C, D-Mannose

Caution

• Urethritis can lead to infertility or chronic pain if untreated
• Always test and treat both partners

Prevention

• Safe sex (condom use)
• Prompt STI treatment
• Avoid chemical irritants (soaps, feminine sprays)