Overview

Dementia is not a single disease, but a group of symptoms caused by disorders affecting the brain. It worsens over time and impacts cognitive and functional abilities. Early diagnosis and care can improve quality of life. Types include Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.

Causes

• Alzheimer's disease (degeneration of brain cells)
• Stroke or reduced blood flow to the brain (vascular dementia)
• Lewy body protein deposits in brain cells
• Head trauma or repeated concussions
• Parkinson’s or Huntington’s disease
• Vitamin B12 deficiency or thyroid disorders (reversible causes)

Symptoms

• Memory loss (especially recent events)
• Confusion and disorientation
• Difficulty in communication or finding words
• Changes in mood, behavior, or personality
• Poor judgment and decision-making
• Getting lost in familiar places
• Difficulty with daily activities

Treatment: Modern Medicine

• Medications:
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors (Donepezil, Rivastigmine)
  • NMDA receptor antagonist (Memantine)
• Therapies:
  • Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST)
  • Occupational therapy
  • Supportive psychotherapy
• Lifestyle interventions:
  • Brain games, puzzles, social activity
  • Healthy diet and regular exercise

Treatment: Traditional Medicine

Ayurveda:

• Medhya Rasayana (brain tonics): Brahmi, Mandukaparni, Shankhpushpi, Ashwagandha
• Nasya therapy for improving memory
• Panchakarma detox and Abhyanga (head massage with herbal oils)

Siddha Medicine:

• Herbal preparations for “Munaival” (memory) enhancement
• Tonics for brain rejuvenation and nadi suzharchi (nerve health)

Unani Medicine:

• Majoon Falasifa, Khamira Marwareed for cognitive support
• Herbal brain tonics and dietary adjustments

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM):

• Acupuncture for memory and mood
• Herbs: Ginkgo biloba, He Shou Wu, Panax ginseng

Tibetan & Folk Medicine:

• Herbal formulations to calm mind and improve memory function
• Meditation and mind-body techniques

Homeopathy:

• Remedies like Anacardium, Baryta Carb, Kali Phos, based on symptoms

Nutraceuticals:

• Vitamin B12, D3, Omega-3, Ginkgo biloba, Coenzyme Q10, and Curcumin

Caution

• Avoid sudden discontinuation of medications
• Supervision may be needed to prevent accidents
• Monitor mood and behavior changes
• Regular neurologist follow-up and cognitive assessment

Prevention

• Stay mentally active: reading, puzzles, learning new skills
• Maintain heart health to reduce vascular risk
• Regular exercise and a balanced diet (Mediterranean-style)
• Avoid smoking, excess alcohol, and manage diabetes/blood pressure
• Social engagement and stress management.