Overview

Functional cysts form during ovulation. Pathological cysts include dermoid cysts, endometriomas, and cystadenomas. Polycystic ovaries (PCOS) are a separate condition.

Causes

• Hormonal imbalance
• Endometriosis
• Pelvic infections
• Early menstruation or irregular cycles

Symptoms

• Pelvic pain (usually one-sided)
• Bloating or heaviness
• Pain during intercourse
• Irregular periods
• Sudden pain if cyst ruptures

Treatment: Modern Medicine

• Diagnosis: Pelvic ultrasound, CA-125 (if complex/malignancy suspected)
• Treatment:
  • Observation (for small, simple cysts)
  • Oral contraceptives to prevent new cysts
  • Laparoscopic cyst removal (if large, persistent, or painful)
  • Emergency surgery (if rupture or torsion)

Treatment: Traditional Medicine

• Ayurveda: Kanchanar Guggulu, Ashokarishta, Shatavari
• Siddha: Seenthil kudineer, Nilavembu
• Unani: Laooq-e-Muqil, Habbe Supari Pak
• TCM: Ba Zhen Tang, Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan
• Homeopathy: Apis mel, Lachesis, Pulsatilla
• Nutraceuticals: Zinc, Vitamin D, DIM (Diindolylmethane)

Caution

• Sudden, severe pain = possible rupture or torsion – seek emergency care
• Monitor cysts >5 cm regularly

Prevention

• Regular pelvic check-ups
• Hormonal balance via lifestyle
• Stress and weight management