Overview

They are common in older adults, pregnant women, and people who stand for long periods. Usually cosmetic but can lead to complications if untreated.

Causes

• Valve incompetence in leg veins
• Prolonged standing or sedentary lifestyle
• Obesity, pregnancy
• Genetic tendency

Symptoms

• Visible, bulging veins
• Leg heaviness or aching
• Swelling in ankles
• Skin darkening or ulcers (in severe cases)

Treatment: Modern Medicine

• Diagnosis: Doppler ultrasound
• Treatment:
  • Compression stockings
  • Sclerotherapy (chemical injection)
  • Laser or radiofrequency ablation
  • Surgery (ligation/stripping)

Treatment: Traditional Medicine

• Ayurveda: Nirgundi oil, Sahacharadi taila massage; Virechana therapy
• Siddha: Formulas for blood flow; oil therapies
• Unani: Venous tonics and hijama (cupping)
• TCM: Circulation herbs (Ginger, Red Sage); acupuncture
• Homeopathy: Hamamelis, Calcarea fluorica
• Nutraceuticals: Rutin, Vitamin C, Horse chestnut extract

Caution

• Avoid prolonged standing
• Don't cross legs while sitting
• Monitor for signs of clotting or skin ulcers

Prevention

• Elevate legs regularly
• Exercise (walking/swimming)
• Maintain healthy weight
• Compression stockings during travel